Systems Analysis and Design: An Object-Oriented Approach with UML, 6/e (Paperback)

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Systems Analysis and Design: An Object-Oriented Approach with UML, 6/e (Paperback)

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DESCRIPTION
Systems Analysis and Design: An Object-Oriented Approach with UML, Sixth Edition helps students develop the core skills required to plan, design, analyze, and implement information systems. Offering a practical hands-on approach to the subject, this textbook is designed to keep students focused on doing SAD, rather than simply reading about it. Each chapter describes a specific part of the SAD process, providing clear instructions, a detailed example, and practice exercises. Students are guided through the topics in the same order as professional analysts working on a typical real-world project.
Now in its sixth edition, this edition has been carefully updated to reflect current methods and practices in SAD and prepare students for their future roles as systems analysts. Every essential area of systems analysis and design is clearly and thoroughly covered, from project management, to analysis and design modeling, to construction, installation, and operations. The textbook includes access to a range of teaching and learning resources, and a running case study of a fictitious healthcare company that shows students how SAD concepts are applied in real-life scenarios.
FEATURES
Wiley Advantage:

Focuses on real-world application by guiding students through practice problems and using the technique in a project
Presents a contemporary, object-oriented approach using UML
Integrates stories, feedback, and advice from a diverse industry advisory board of IS professionals and consultants
Provides chapters that each cover a different step in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) process
Presents a contemporary, object-oriented approach using UML

NEW TO THIS EDITION
New to this Edition:

Increased focus on software quality and user stories
New sections on DevOps methodologies, meeting management, fishbone diagrams, givens-means-ends analysis, and using activity diagrams with swimlanes

目錄大綱

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
TYPICAL SYSTEMS ANALYST ROLES AND SKILLS
Business Analyst
Systems Analyst
Infrastructure Analyst
Change Management Analyst
Project Manager
THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES
Structured Design
Waterfall Development
Parallel Development
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Phased Development
Prototyping
Throwaway Prototyping
Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design (OOSAD)
Use-Case Driven
Architecture-Centric
Iterative and Incremental
Benefits of Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design
Agile Development
Extreme Programming
Scrum
DevOps
Custom Methodologies
THE UNIFIED PROCESS
Phases
Inception
Elaboration
Construction
Transition
Workflows
Engineering Workflows
Business Modeling Workflow
Requirements Workflow
Analysis Workflow
Design Workflow
Implementation Workflow
Testing Workflow
Deployment Workflow
Supporting Workflows
Project Management Workflow
Configuration and Change Management Workflow
Environment Workflow
Extensions to the Unified Process
Production Phase
Operations and Support Workflow
Infrastructure Management Workflow
Existing Workflow Modifications and Extensions
Test Workflow
Deployment Workflow
Environment Workflow
Project Management Workflow
Configuration and Change Management Workflow
THE UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE
APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
CHAPTER REVIEW
KEY TERMS
QUESTIONS
EXERCISES
MINICASES
APPENDIX: BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS
Classes and Objects
Methods and Messages
Encapsulation and Information Hiding
Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding
Inheritance
APPENDIX REVIEW
KEY TERMS
QUESTIONS
EXERCISES
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
System Request
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
Technical Feasibility
Economic Feasibility
Identifying Costs and Benefits
Assigning Values to Costs and Benefits
Determining Cash Flow
Determining Net Present Value and Return on Investment
Determining the Break-Even Point
Organizational Feasibility
PROJECT SELECTION
Ethical Considerations
TRADITIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS
Work Breakdown Structures
Gantt Chart
Network Diagram
PROJECT EFFORT ESTIMATION
CREATING AND MANAGING THE WORKPLAN
Evolutionary Work Breakdown Structures and Iterative Workplans
Managing Scope
Timeboxing
Refining Estimates
Managing Risk
AGILE ALTERNATIVES TO ITERATIVE WORKPLANS
STAFFING THE PROJECT
Tuckman’s Stages of Small Group Development
Characteristics of a Jelled Team
Staffing Plan
Motivation
Handling Conflict
MEETING MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT
CASE Tools
Standards
Documentation
CONFIGURATION AND CHANGE MANAGEMENT
APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
CHAPTER REVIEW
KEY TERMS
QUESTIONS
EXERCISES
MINICASES
CHAPTER 3: REQUIREMENTS DETERMINATION
OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
REQUIREMENTS DETERMINATION
Defining a Requirement
Real-World Problems with Requirements Determination
REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS APPROACHES
Problem Analysis
Root Cause Analysis
Duration Analysis
Activity-Based Costing
Informal Benchmarking
Outcome Analysis
Technology Analysis
Activity Elimination
REQUIREMENTS-GATHERING TECHNIQUES
Interviews

1. Select Interviewees
2. Design Interview Questions
3. Prepare for the Interview
4. Conduct the Interview
5. Post-Interview Follow-up
   Questionnaires
6. Select Participants
7. Designing a Questionnaire
8. Administering the Questionnaire
9. Questionnaire Follow-up
   Observation
   Document Analysis
   Selecting the Appropriate Techniques
   Type of Information
   Depth of Information
   Breadth of Information
   Integration of Information
   User Involvement
   Cost
   Combining Techniques
   TEXT ANALYSIS
   REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION
   Creating a Requirements Definition
   User Stories
   THE SYSTEM PROPOSAL
   APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
   CHAPTER REVIEW
   KEY TERMS
   QUESTIONS
   EXERCISES
   MINICASES
   CHAPTER 4: BUSINESS PROCESS AND FUNCTIONAL MODELING
   OBJECTIVES
   INTRODUCTION
   BUSINESS PROCESS IDENTIFICATION WITH USE CASES AND USE-CASE DIAGRAMS
   Types of Use Cases
   Elements of Use-Case Diagrams
   Actors
   Association
   Use Case
   Subject Boundary
   Identifying the Major Use Cases
10. Review Requirements Definition
11. Identify Subject’s Boundaries
12. Identify Primary Actors & Goals
13. Identify Business Processes & Major Use Cases
14. Review Current Set of Use Cases
    Creating a Use-Case Diagram
15. Place & Draw Use Cases
16. Place & Draw Actors
17. Draw Subject Boundary
18. Add Associations
    Campus Housing Example
    Library Example
    BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING WITH ACTIVITY DIAGRAMS
    Elements of an Activity Diagram
    Actions and Activities
    Object Nodes
    Control Flows and Object Flows
    Control Nodes
    Swimlanes
    Guidelines for Creating Activity Diagrams
    Creating Activity Diagrams
19. Choose a Business Process
20. Identify Activities
21. Identify Control Flows & Nodes
22. Identify Object Flows & Nodes
23. Lay Out & Draw Diagram
    Campus Housing Example
    Library Example
    BUSINESS PROCESS DOCUMENTATION WITH USE-CASE DESCRIPTIONS
    Elements of a Use-Case Description
    Overview Use Case Section
    Detail Use Case Section
    Optional Characteristics
    Guidelines for Creating Use-Case Descriptions
    Creating Use Case Descriptions
24. Choose a Use Case
25. Create Overview Description
26. Describe the Normal Flow of Events
27. Check the Normal Flow of Events
28. Identify Alternative or Exceptional Flows
29. Review the Use-Case Description
30. Repeat Until Done
    Campus Housing Example
    Library Example
    VERIFYING AND VALIDATING THE BUSINESS PROCESSES AND FUNCTIONAL MODELS
    Verification and Validation through Walkthroughs
    Functional Model Verification and Validation
    APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
    CHAPTER REVIEW
    KEY TERMS
    QUESTIONS
    EXERCISES
    MINICASES
     
     
    CHAPTER 5: STRUCTURAL MODELING
    OBJECTIVES
    INTRODUCTION
    STRUCTURAL MODELS
    Classes, Attributes, and Operations
    Relationships
    Generalization Relationships
    Aggregation Relationships
    Association Relationships
    OBJECT IDENTIFICATION
    Textual Analysis
    Brainstorming
    Patterns
    CRC CARDS
    Responsibilities and Collaborations
    Elements of a CRC Card
    Role-Playing CRC Cards with Use Cases
31. Review Use Cases
32. Identify Relevant Actors and Objects
33. Role-Play Scenarios
34. Repeat Steps 1 through 3
    CLASS DIAGRAMS
    Elements of a Class Diagram
    Class
    Relationships
    Generalization and Aggregation Associations
    Simplifying Class Diagrams
    Object Diagrams
    CREATING STRUCTURAL MODELS USING CRC CARDS AND CLASS DIAGRAMS
35. Create CRC Cards
36. Review CRC Cards
37. Role-Play the CRC Cards
38. Create Class Diagram
39. Review Class Diagram
40. Incorporate Patterns
41. Review the Model
    Campus Housing Example
    Library Example
    VERIFYING AND VALIDATING THE STRUCTURAL MODEL
    Balancing Functional and Structural Models
    APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
    CHAPTER REVIEW
    KEY TERMS
    QUESTIONS
    EXERCISES
    MINICASES
    CHAPTER 6: BEHAVIORAL MODELING
    OBJECTIVES
    INTRODUCTION
    BEHAVIORAL MODELS
    INTERACTION DIAGRAMS
    Objects, Operations, and Messages
    Activity Diagrams
    Sequence Diagrams
    Elements of a Sequence Diagram
    Guidelines for Creating Sequence Diagrams
    Creating a Sequence Diagram
42. Set Context
43. Identify Actors and Objects
44. Set Lifeline
45. Add Messages
46. Place Execution Occurrence
47. Validate
    Campus Housing Example
    Library Example
    CRUDE ANALYSIS
    Campus Housing Example
    Library Example
    BEHAVIORAL STATE MACHINES
    States, Events, Transitions, Actions, and Activities
    Elements of a Behavioral State Machine
    Guidelines for Creating Behavioral State Machines
    Creating a Behavioral State Machine
48. Set Context
49. Identify Object States
50. Lay Out Diagram
51. Add Transitions
52. Validate
    Campus Housing Example
    Library Example
    VERIFYING AND VALIDATING THE BEHAVIORAL MODEL
    Balancing Functional and Behavioral Models
    Balancing Structural and Behavioral Models
    APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
    CHAPTER REVIEW
    KEY TERMS
    QUESTIONS
    EXERCISES
    MINICASES
    CHAPTER 7: MOVING ON TO DESIGN
    OBJECTIVES
    INTRODUCTION
    VERIFYING AND VALIDATING THE ANALYSIS MODELS
    EVOLVING THE ANALYSIS MODELS INTO DESIGN MODELS
    Factoring
    Partitions and Collaborations
    Layers
    Foundation
    Problem Domain
    Data Management
    Human–Computer Interaction
    Physical Architecture
    PACKAGES AND PACKAGE DIAGRAMS
    Guidelines for Creating Package Diagrams
    Creating Package Diagrams
53. Set Context
54. Cluster Classes
55. Create Packages
56. Identify Dependencies
57. Lay Out and Draw Diagram
    Verifying and Validating Package Diagrams
    DESIGN CRITERIA
    Coupling
    Cohesion
    Connascence
    DESIGN STRATEGIES
    Custom Development
    Packaged Software
    Outsourcing
    Selecting a Design Strategy
    Business Need
    In-house Experience
    Project Skills
    Project Management
    Time Frame
    SELECTING AN ACQUISITION STRATEGY
    Alternative Matrix
    APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
    CHAPTER REVIEW
    KEY TERMS
    QUESTIONS
    EXERCISES
    MINICASES
     
     
    CHAPTER 8: CLASS AND METHOD DESIGN
    OBJECTIVES
    INTRODUCTION
    OBJECT DESIGN ACTIVITIES
    Adding Specifications
    Identifying Opportunities for Reuse
    Restructuring the Design
    Optimizing the Design
    Mapping Problem-Domain Classes to Implementation Languages
    Implementing Problem Domain Classes in a Single-Inheritance Language
    Implementing Problem Domain Objects in an Object-Based Language
    Implementing Problem-Domain Objects in a Traditional Language
    CONSTRAINTS AND CONTRACTS
    Types of Constraints
    Elements of a Contract
    Example
    METHOD SPECIFICATION
    General Information
    Events
    Message Passing
    Algorithm Specifications
    Example
    VERIFYING AND VALIDATING CLASS AND METHOD DESIGN
    APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
    CHAPTER REVIEW
    KEY TERMS
    QUESTIONS
    EXERCISES
    MINICASES
    CHAPTER 9: DATA MANAGEMENT LAYER DESIGN
    OBJECTIVES
    INTRODUCTION
    OBJECT PERSISTENCE FORMATS
    Sequential and Random-Access Files
    Relational Databases
    Object-Relational Databases
    Object-Oriented Databases
    NoSQL Data Stores
    Selecting an Object Persistence Format
    Major Strengths and Weaknesses
    Data Types Supported
    Type of Application System
    Existing Storage Formats
    Future Needs
    Other Miscellaneous Criteria
    MAPPING PROBLEM DOMAIN OBJECTS TO OBJECT PERSISTENCE FORMATS
    Mapping Problem Domain Objects to an OODBMS Format
    Mapping Problem Domain Objects to an ORDBMS Format
    Mapping Problem Domain Objects to a RDBMS Format
    DESIGNING DATA ACCESS AND MANIPULATION CLASSES
    NONFUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND DATA MANAGEMENT LAYER DESIGN
    VERIFYING AND VALIDATING THE DATA MANAGEMENT LAYER
    APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
    CHAPTER REVIEW
    KEY TERMS
    QUESTIONS
    EXERCISES
    MINICASES
     
    APPENDIX 9-1: OPTIMIZING RDBMS-BASED OBJECT STORAGE
    Optimizing Storage Efficiency
    Optimizing Data Access Speed
    Denormalization
    Clustering
    Indexing
    Estimating Data Storage Size
    APPENDIX 9-2: CONVERTING CLASS DIAGRAMS TO ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMS
    APPENDIX REVIEW
    KEY TERMS
    QUESTIONS
    EXERCISES
    MINICASES
     
     
    CHAPTER 10: HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION LAYER DESIGN
    OBJECTIVES
    INTRODUCTION
    PRINCIPLES FOR USER INTERFACE DESIGN
    Layout
    Content Awareness
    Aesthetics
    User Experience
    Consistency
    Minimizing User Effort
    USER INTERFACE DESIGN PROCESS
    Use Scenario Development
    Navigation Structure Design
    Interface Standards Design
    Interface Metaphor
    Interface Templates
    Interface Objects
    Interface Actions
    Interface Icons
    Interface Design Prototyping
    Wireframe Diagram
    Storyboard
    User Interface Prototypes
    Selecting the Appropriate Techniques
    Common Sense Approach to User Interface Design
    NAVIGATION DESIGN
    Basic Principles
    Prevent Mistakes
    Simplify Recovery from Mistakes
    Use Consistent Grammar Order
    Types of Navigation Controls
    Languages
    Menus
    Direct Manipulation
    Messages
    Navigation Design Documentation
    INPUT DESIGN
    Basic Principles
    Online versus Batch Processing
    Capture Data at the Source
    Minimize Keystrokes
    Types of Inputs
    Text
    Numbers
    Selection Box
    Input Validation
    OUTPUT DESIGN
    Basic Principles
    Understand Report Usage
    Manage Information Load
    Minimize Bias
    Types of Outputs
    Media
    MOBILE COMPUTING AND USER INTERFACE DESIGN
    SOCIAL MEDIA AND USER INTERFACE DESIGN
    GAMES, MULTIDIMENSIONAL INFORMATION VISUALIZATIONS, AND IMMERSIVE ENVIRONMENTS
    Games, Gamification, and User Interface Design
    Multidimensional Information Visualization Design
    User Interface Design and Immersive Environments
    INTERNATIONAL AND CULTURAL ISSUES AND USER INTERFACE DESIGN
    Multilingual Requirements
    Color
    Cultural Differences
    NONFUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION LAYER DESIGN
    VERIFYING AND VALIDATING THE HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LAYER APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
    CHAPTER REVIEW
    KEY TERMS
    QUESTIONS
    EXERCISES
    MINICASES
    CHAPTER 11: PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE LAYER DESIGN
    OBJECTIVES
    INTRODUCTION
    ELEMENTS OF THE PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE LAYER
    Architectural Components
    Server-Based Architectures
    Client-Based Architectures
    Client–Server Architectures
    Client–Server Tiers
    Selecting a Physical Architecture
    Cost of Infrastructure
    Cost of Development
    Ease of Development
    Interface Capabilities
    Control and Security
    Scalability
    CLOUD COMPUTING
    UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS
    GREEN IT
    INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN
    Deployment Diagram
    Network Model
    HARDWARE AND SYSTEM SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS
    NONFUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE LAYER DESIGN
    Operational Requirements
    Technical Environment Requirements
    System Integration Requirements
    Portability Requirements
    Maintainability Requirements
    Performance Requirements
    Speed Requirements
    Capacity Requirements
    Availability and Reliability Requirements
    Security Requirements
    System Value
    Access Control Requirements
    Encryption and Authentication Requirements
    Virus Control Requirements
    Cultural and Political Requirements
    Customization Requirements
    Legal Requirements
    Synopsis
    VERIFYING AND VALIDATING THE PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE LAYER
    APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
    CHAPTER REVIEW
    KEY TERMS
    QUESTIONS
    EXERCISES
    MINICASES
    CHAPTER 12: CONSTRUCTION
    OBJECTIVES
    INTRODUCTION
    MANAGING PROGRAMMING
    Assigning Programmers
    Coordinating Activities
    Managing the Schedule
    Cultural Issues
    DEVELOPING DOCUMENTATION
    Types of Documentation
    Designing Documentation Structure
    Writing Documentation Topics
    Identifying Navigation Terms
    DESIGNING TESTS
    Testing and Object Orientation
    Encapsulation and Information Hiding
    Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding
    Inheritance
    Reuse
    Object-Oriented Development Process and Products
    Test Planning
    Unit Tests
    Integration Tests
    System Tests
    Acceptance Tests
    Testing and Security Considerations
    APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
    CHAPTER REVIEW
    KEY TERMS
    QUESTIONS
    EXERCISES
    MINICASES
    CHAPTER 13: INSTALLATION AND OPERATIONS
    OBJECTIVES
    INTRODUCTION
    CULTURAL ISSUES AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
    CONVERSION
    Conversion Style
    Direct Conversion
    Parallel Conversion
    Conversion Location
    Pilot Conversion
    Phased Conversion
    Simultaneous Conversion
    Conversion Modules
    Whole-System Conversion
    Modular Conversion
    Selecting the Appropriate Conversion Strategy
    Risk
    Cost
    Time
    DevOps and Continuous Delivery
    CHANGE MANAGEMENT
    Understanding Resistance to Change
    Revising Management Policies
    Assessing Costs and Benefits
    Motivating Adoption
    Enabling Adoption: Training
    What to Train
    How to Train
    POST-IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES
    System Support
    System Maintenance
    Project Assessment
    Project Team Review
    System Review
    APPLYING THE CONCEPTS AT PATTERSON SUPERSTORE
    CHAPTER REVIEW
    KEY TERMS
    QUESTIONS
    EXERCISES
    MINICASES